Hyperglycemia (Diabetic Ketoacidosis)

Signs and symptoms

Early

• increased thirst (polydipsia) and urination (polyuria)
• high blood glucose level

Late

• shortness of breath (SOB)
• fruity breath odor
• nausea and vomiting
• decreased consciousness

Action

• patient should seek immediate medical care
• patient may require insulin adjustment or initiation by patient's physician

Causes

• excess blood glucose (usually >300 mg/dL)
• not enough insulin

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Related Pages

• Medical Disorders
  • Diabetes
• Medications
  • Insulin
  • Oral and Other Non-Insulin Hypoglycemic Agents
• Classifications and Definitions
  • Diabetes
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hypoglycemia

References/Websites

• References
  • Greenwood M, et al. General medicine and surgery for dental practitioners: part 2. Medical emergencies in dental practice: the drug box, equipment and basic principles of management. BDJ. 2014;216(11):633-637.
  • Greenwood M. General medicine and surgery for dental practitioners: part 3. Management of specific medical emergencies in dental practice. BDJ. 2014;217(1):21-26.
  • Haas DA. Preparing dental office staff members for emergencies. Developing a basic action plan JADA. 2010;141(5 suppl):8S-13S.
  • Rosenberg M. Preparing for medical emergencies. The essential drugs and equipment for the dental office. JADA. 2010;141(5 suppl):14S-19S.
  • Jevon P. Medical emergencies in the dental practice poster: revised and updated. BDJ. 2020;229(2):97-104.